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Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)
The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula as provinces of the Ottoman Empire.〔(''Dictionary of Battles and Sieges'' by Tony Jaques xxxiv )〕 The war transformed the Ottoman Empire from a realm at the margins of the Islamic world, mainly located in Anatolia and the Balkans, to a huge empire encompassing the traditional lands of Islam, including the cities of Mecca, Cairo, Damascus and Aleppo. It continued to be ruled however from Constantinople.〔
==Background==
The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mamluks had been adversarial since the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453: both states vied for control of the spice trade, and the Ottomans aspired to eventually taking control of the Holy Cities of Islam.〔(''Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery'' by Palmira Johnson Brummett p.52''ff'' )〕 An earlier conflict, which lasted from 1485 to 1491, had led to a stalemate.
By 1516, the Ottomans were free from other concerns—Sultan Selim I had just vanquished the Safavid Persians at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514〔(''The Ottoman Empire: A Short History'' by Saraiya Faroqhi p.60''ff'' )〕—and turned their full might against the Mamluks, who ruled in Syria and Egypt, to complete the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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